Background The structure of gut microbiota is highly complex. Insects have ubiquitous
associations with intestinal symbiotic bacteria, which play essential roles. Thus …

Due to anthropogenic activities that have increased global climate change and nutrient
discharges, severe hypoxic events have frequently occurred in coastal waters in recent …

Posttranslational modifications expand the functions of immune-related proteins, especially
during infections. The respiratory glycoprotein, hemocyanin, has been implicated in many …

The widespread and severe drop in dissolved oxygen concentration in the open ocean and
coastal waters has attracted much attention, but assessments of the impacts of …

Natural products and especially those from marine organisms are being intensively explored
as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics. However, the exact mechanisms of their action are …

Simple Summary In the adult freshwater snail, Pomacea canaliculata, their cephalic sensory
tentacles can regenerate after experimental amputation. Immediately after the amputation …

Macins are a family of antimicrobial peptides, which play multiple roles in the elimination of
invading pathogens. In the present study, a macin was cloned and characterized from …

Ubiquitination is a critical posttranslational modification that regulates host immune
responses to pathogens. In this study, we investigated the ubiquitination of hemocyanin (Pv …

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative changes in the
proteome of the hemolymph of female Steatoda grossa spiders (Theridiidae) that were …

Horseshoe crabs are marine chelicerates which have existed for about 450 million years.
Their long coexistence with microbial pathogens presumably is due to their efficient immune …