Abstract The Proterozoic Eon spans Earth's middle age during which many important
transitions occurred. These transitions include the oxygenation of the atmosphere …

The spatial coverage and temporal resolution of the Early Paleozoic paleoclimate record are
limited, primarily due to the paucity of well-preserved skeletal material commonly used for …

The role of oxygen as a driver for early animal evolution is widely debated. During the
Cambrian explosion, episodic radiations of major animal phyla occurred coincident with …

The sulfur biogeochemical cycle plays a key role in regulating Earth's surface redox through
diverse abiotic and biological reactions that have distinctive stable isotopic fractionations. As …

Perturbations to the global carbon and sulfur cycles recurred episodically throughout the~ 5-
Myr-long Early Triassic, in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction, the largest …

The role of ocean anoxia as a cause of the end-Triassic marine mass extinction is widely
debated. Here, we present carbonate-associated sulfate δ34S data from sections spanning …

Metal and metal isotope records in carbonates have the potential to provide novel insights
into ancient ocean–atmosphere redox conditions, paleoenvironmental conditions, and …

The geochemistry of the carbonate sedimentary record is invaluable for understanding the
ancient seawater evolution of carbon and redox-sensitive elements. However, the …

Phosphorus is essential for cell biology, yet scarce in modern marine environments wherein
free phosphate is consumed by life or titrated by calcium to form apatite minerals. The …

Variations in the sulfur isotope composition of dissolved marine sulfate through time reflect
changes in the global sulfur cycle and are intimately related to changes in the carbon and …