Over the past decades, water scarcity and security have significantly stimulated the
advances of reverse osmosis (RO) technology, which dominates the global desalination …

Conventional water resources in many regions are insufficient to meet the water needs of
growing populations, thus reuse is gaining acceptance as a method of water supply …

Polymeric membranes are an energy‐efficient means of purifying water, but they suffer from
fouling during filtration. Modification of the membrane surface is one route to mitigating …

The high aggregation ability of anammox sludge has been extensively observed, but the
cause for their aggregation is challenging. Here the structure and composition of …

Thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes have been predominantly utilized in water
treatment and desalination and play a significant role in the separation processes. However …

Forward osmosis (FO) is an osmotically driven process widely studied for water desalination,
wastewater treatment, and water reuse, as well as dilution and concentration of aqueous …

The fouling of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes remains a persistent
challenge in desalination. Previous research has focused mainly on fouling separately; …

Reverse osmosis membranes are becoming increasingly popular for water purification
applications that require high salt rejection such as brackish and seawater desalination …

Colloids are fine particles whose characteristic size falls within the rough size range of 1–
1000nm. In pressure-driven membrane systems, these fine particles have a strong tendency …

Fouling behaviors during forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO) are compared.
Alginate, humic acid, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are used as model organic foulants …