More than 4 decades of research and 9 meta-analyses have focused on the undermining
effect: namely, the debate over whether the provision of extrinsic incentives erodes intrinsic …

Motivation is recognized as a vital component in successful second language learning, and
has been the subject of intensive research in recent decades. This review focuses on a …

Gamification, the application of game elements to non-game settings, continues to grow in
popularity as a method to increase student engagement in the classroom. We tested …

This is the third English edition of Motivation and Action, an extensively revised version of
the second English edition and fifth German edition, with four entirely new chapters. All …

Explicit instruction is systematic, direct, engaging, and success oriented--and has been
shown to promote achievement for all students. This highly practical and accessible …

Working memory (WM), the ability to store and manipulate information for short periods of
time, is an important predictor of scholastic aptitude and a critical bottleneck underlying …

Behavior Modification: What It Is and How to Do It is a comprehensive, practical presentation
of the principles of behavior modification and guidelines for their application. Appropriate for …

One hundred and ten years ago, Maria Montessori, the first female physician in Italy, devised
a very different method of educating children, based on her observations of how they …

The goal of this article was to provide a long-overdue clarification and upgrade to what has
been called the intrinsic− extrinsic dichotomy in the realm of motivation. We argue that the …

A psychological tax contract goes beyond the traditional deterrence model and explains tax
morale as a complicated interaction between taxpayers and the government. As a …