Aging involves seemingly paradoxical changes in energy metabolism. Molecular damage
accumulation increases cellular energy expenditure, yet whole-body energy expenditure …

Health emerges from coordinated psychobiological processes powered by mitochondrial
energy transformation. But how do mitochondria regulate the multisystem responses that …

Chronic psychosocial stress increases disease risk and mortality, but the underlying
mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here we outline an energy-based model for the …

Patients with primary mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) defects present with
fatigue and multi-system disorders, are often lean, and die prematurely, but the mechanistic …

For continuous-time Markov chains and open unimolecular chemical reaction networks, we
prove that any two stationary currents are linearly related upon perturbations of a single …

All life forms depend on the conversion of energy into biomass used in growth and
reproduction. For unicellular heterotrophs, the energetic cost associated with building a cell …

Although polyploidization is frequent in development, cancer, and evolution, impacts on
animal metabolism are poorly understood. In Xenopus frogs, the number of genome copies …

Living systems are intrinsically nonequilibrium: They use metabolically derived chemical
energy to power their emergent dynamics and self-organization. A crucial driver of these …

The interior of a living cell is an active, fluctuating, and crowded environment, yet it maintains
a high level of coherent organization. This dichotomy is readily apparent in the intracellular …

Quantifying irreversibility of a system using finite information constitutes a major challenge in
stochastic thermodynamics. We introduce an observable that measures the time-reversal …