Much of the Earth's surface, both marine and terrestrial, is either periodically or permanently
cold. Although habitats that are largely or continuously frozen are generally considered to be …

Highlights•Halophiles produce stable enzymes that are active under high salt
conditions.•Halophilic enzymes maintain solvation and solubility in low water …

Extremophiles, especially those in Archaea, have a myriad of adaptations that keep their
cellular proteins stable and active under the extreme conditions in which they live. Rather …

Extremophiles are remarkable organisms that thrive in the harshest environments on Earth,
such as hydrothermal vents, hypersaline lakes and pools, alkaline soda lakes, deserts, cold …

The full biotechnological exploitation of enzymes is still hampered by their low activity, low
stability and high cost. Temperature-dependent catalytic properties of enzymes are a key to …

Sampling and genomic efforts over the past decade have revealed an enormous quantity
and diversity of life in Earth's extreme environments. This new knowledge of life on Earth …

Background Cyanobacteria are major primary producers in extreme cold ecosystems. Many
lineages of cyanobacteria thrive in these harsh environments, but it is not fully understood …

Proteases are universal in existence in all organisms and are needed for metabolic activities
of the cell. Also, proteases are the paramount hydrolytic enzymes widely used in industrial …

Halophilic proteins are stable and function at high salt concentration. Understanding how
these molecules maintain their fold stable and avoid aggregation under harsh conditions is …

Recent progress in extremophile biology, exploration of planetary bodies in the solar
system, and the detection and characterization of extrasolar planets are leading to new …