Amphibians represent a diverse group of tetrapods, marked by deep divergence times
between their three systematic orders and families. Studying amphibian biology through the …

Amphibians are one of the most remarkable sources of unique natural products. Biogenic
amines, peptides, bufodienolides, alkaloids, and volatile organic compounds have been …

Many poisonous organisms carry small-molecule toxins that alter voltage-gated sodium
channel (NaV) function. Among these, batrachotoxin (BTX) from Pitohui poison birds and …

Dendrobatid poison frogs sequester alkaloids from an arthropod diet and use them in
chemical defense. Alkaloid defenses vary considerably within and among species, with …

Many animals bear conspicuous warning signals that advertise toxin-mediated
unpalatability to predators; this is known as aposematism. Frogs in particular have evolved …

The complexity of snake venom composition reflects adaptation to the diversity of prey and
may be driven at times by a coevolutionary arms race between snakes and venom-resistant …

Reconstructing the histories of complex adaptations and identifying the evolutionary
mechanisms underlying their origins are two of the primary goals of evolutionary biology …

In the anuran family Dendrobatidae, aposematic species obtain their toxic or unpalatable
alkaloids from dietary sources, a process known as sequestering. To understand how …

How do chemically defended animals resist their own toxins? This intriguing question on the
concept of autotoxicity is at the heart of how species interactions evolve. In this issue of …

How do batrachotoxin-bearing frogs and birds avoid self intoxication? | Journal of General
Physiology | Rockefeller University Press Skip to Main Content Advertisement Umbrella Alt Text …