A molecular motor is made of either a single macromolecule or a macromolecular complex.
Just like their macroscopic counterparts, molecular motors “transduce” input energy into …

Many genes in eukaryotes are acquisitions from the free-living antecedents of chloroplasts
and mitochondria. But there is no evolutionary 'homing device'that automatically directs the …

The pro-apoptototic protein Bax (Bcl-2 Associated protein X) plays a central role in the
mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. In healthy mammalian cells, Bax is essentially …

Over 100 proteins are found in both mitochondria and chloroplasts, via a variety of
processes known generally as 'dual-targeting'. Dual-targeting has attracted interest from …

Chloroplasts originated about three billion years ago by endosymbiosis of an ancestor of
today's cyanobacteria with a mitochondria-containing host cell. During evolution …

Significance: The post-translational modification of thiol groups stands out as a key strategy
that cells employ for metabolic regulation and adaptation to changing environmental …

Although Parkinson's disease (PD) was first described almost 200 years ago, it remains an
incurable disease with a cause that is not fully understood. Nowadays it is known that …

Recent technical advances in electrophysiological measurements, organelle-targeted
fluorescence imaging, and organelle proteomics have pushed the research of ion transport …

All land plants encode 2 isoforms of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). While PPO1 is
predominantly expressed in green tissues and its loss is seedling-lethal in Arabidopsis …

Most chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol of the plant cell
and have to be imported into the organelles post-translationally. Molecular chaperones play …