The clinical responses observed following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
(ICIs) support immunotherapy as a potential anticancer treatment. However, a large …

The metabolically hostile tumour microenvironment imposes barriers to tumour-infiltrating
immune cells and impedes durable clinical remission following immunotherapy. Metabolic …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogenic population of immature
myeloid cells with immunosuppressive effects, which undergo massive expansion during …

Immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has greatly improved
the clinical efficacy of malignant tumor therapy. ICI-mediated antitumor responses depend …

Glioblastoma (GBM), the predominant and primary malignant intracranial tumor, poses a
formidable challenge due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby confounding …

Myeloid cells are the most abundant immune components of the tumour microenvironment,
where they have a variety of functions, ranging from immunosuppressive to …

The success of cancer immunotherapy relies on the knowledge of the tumor
microenvironment and the immune evasion mechanisms in which the tumor, stroma, and …

Despite the remarkable success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in melanoma
treatment, resistance to them remains a substantial clinical challenge. Myeloid-derived …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an attractive target for cancer
immunotherapy. However, IDO1 inhibitors have shown disappointing therapeutic efficacy in …

New therapies that promote antitumour immunity have been recently developed. Most of
these immunomodulatory approaches have focused on enhancing T-cell responses, either …