Recently, increasing research attention has been devoted to protic ionic liquids (ILs)
because of their versatile properties. Protic ILs are ideal electrolytes for proton exchange …

Before replacing fossil fuels, renewable energy options should overcome conversion and
storage challenges. Therefore, it is crucial to develop advanced materials that may enhance …

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) represent a promising means for the
generation of power in the 21st century because of their high efficiency compared to the coal …

Fossil sources are the main raw materials for polymer synthesis, while only a small amount
of these resources are renewable. Nevertheless, the production of polymers from both bio …

This critical review tersely and concisely reviews the recent development of the polymer
electrolyte membranes and the relationship between their properties and affecting factors …

The critical component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is the
proton exchange membrane (PEM). Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes such as Nafion are …

Direct methanol fuel cells have the potential to power future microelectronic and portable
electronic devices because of their high energy density. One of the major obstacles that …

Fuel cells (FCs) are a chemical fuel device which can directly convert chemical energy into
electrical energy, also known as electrochemical generator. Proton exchange membrane …

Fuel cell technology yields cleaner energy resources for diverse applications such as
transport, power stationery, and portable devices. This review focuses on the role of …

Ionic liquids (ILs) with remarkable performance offer opportunities to advance green and low-
carbon chemical processes. Thus, much work is focused on building an innovative theory …