The role of mitochondrial function in health and disease has become increasingly
recognized, particularly in the last two decades. Mitochondrial dysfunction as well as …

It is estimated that 2% to 3% of the population are currently prescribed systemic or topical
glucocorticoid treatment. The potent anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids to deliver …

Glucocorticoid hormones were discovered to have use as potent anti-inflammatory and
immunosuppressive therapeutics in the 1940s and their continued use and development …

In the last decade, an increasing awareness was directed to the role of Vitamin D in non-
skeletal and preventive roles for chronic diseases. Vitamin D is an essential hormone in …

A family of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) is involved in regulating tissue-specific
glucose uptake and metabolism in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue to ensure …

Evidence from observational studies and randomized trials suggests that prediabetes and
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can develop in genetically susceptible individuals in …

As the principal tissue for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, skeletal muscle is a primary
driver of whole-body glycemic control. Skeletal muscle also uniquely responds to muscle …

Evidence is accumulating that the gut microbiome is involved in the aetiology of obesity and
obesity-related complications such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin …

The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

The formation and accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl
compound, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, vascular …