We review our state of knowledge of coronal element abundance anomalies in the Sun and
stars. We concentrate on the first ionization potential (FIP) effect observed in the solar …

The chromosphere is a thin layer of the solar atmosphere that bridges the relatively cool
photosphere and the intensely heated transition region and corona. Compressible and …

Abstract The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) small explorer spacecraft
provides simultaneous spectra and images of the photosphere, chromosphere, transition …

Abstract The Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE) is a proposed mission composed of a multislit
extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrograph (in three spectral bands around 171 Å, 284 Å, and …

The physical processes causing energy exchange between the Sun's hot corona and its
cool lower atmosphere remain poorly understood. The chromosphere and transition region …

Abstract The High-Resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) was flown on a NASA sounding rocket
on 11 July 2012. The goal of the Hi-C mission was to obtain high-resolution (≈ 0.3 …

Hinode is Japan's third solar mission following Hinotori (1981–1982) and Yohkoh (1991–
2001): it was launched on 2006 September 22 and is in operation currently. Hinode carries …

Aims. We use new data from the High-resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) with its
unprecedented spatial resolution of the solar corona to investigate the structure of coronal …

We present SDO/AIA observations of an eruptive X-class flare of 2012 July 12, and compare
its evolution with the predictions of a three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation. We focus …

The temperature dependence of the emission measure (EM) in the core of active regions
coronal loops is an important diagnostic of heating processes. Observations indicate that EM …