Fishes are the dominant vertebrates in the ocean, yet we know little of their contribution to
carbon export flux at regional to global scales. We synthesize the existing information on fish …

The rapidly evolving ocean economy, driven by human needs for food, energy,
transportation and recreation, has led to unprecedented pressures on the ocean that are …

Microbes drive most ecosystems and are modulated by viruses that impact their lifespan,
gene flow, and metabolic outputs. However, ecosystem-level impacts of viral community …

Climate change is fundamentally altering marine and coastal ecosystems on a global scale.
While the effects of ocean warming and acidification on ecology and ecosystem functions …

Measurements of the status and trends of key indicators for the ocean and marine life are
required to inform policy and management in the context of growing human uses of marine …

Midwater animal biodiversity: Squid, fish, shrimp, copepods, medusa, filter-feeding jellies,
and marine worms are among the midwater creatures that could be affected by deep sea …

Marine sponges are sessile invertebrates that can be found in temperate, polar and tropical
regions. They are known to be major contributors of bioactive compounds, which are …

Pelagic fauna is expected to be impacted under climate change according to ecosystem
simulations. However, the direction and magnitude of the impact is still uncertain and still not …

Marine species are moving rapidly in response to warming, often in different directions and
with variations dependent on location and depth. Given the current impetus to increase the …

The frequent deterioration of coastal fisheries has resulted in a need to nourish the world's
rapidly expanding population, contributing to a substantial shift toward fishing in the …