Allometry refers to the size-related changes of morphological traits and remains an essential
concept for the study of evolution and development. This review is the first systematic …

Fossil evidence points to an African origin of Homo sapiens from a group called either H.
heidelbergensis or H. rhodesiensis. However, the exact place and time of emergence of H …

The mathematical/statistical software platform R has seen an immense increase in
popularity within the last decade. Its main advantages are its flexibility, a large repository of …

Modern humans have large and globular brains that distinguish them from their extinct
Homo relatives. The characteristic globularity develops during a prenatal and early postnatal …

Quantitative shape analysis using geometric morphometrics is based on the statistical
analysis of landmark coordinates. Many structures, however, cannot be quantified using …

Large‐scale digitization projects such as# ScanAllFishes and oVert are generating high‐
resolution microCT scans of vertebrates by the thousands. Data from these projects are …

Recent years have seen increased interest in phylogenetic comparative analyses of
multivariate data sets, but to date the varied proposed approaches have not been …

A thoroughly revised and updated edition of this introduction to modern statistical methods
for shape analysis Shape analysis is an important tool in the many disciplines where objects …

Philipp M a,∗, Philipp G b, Sonja W c, d, Katrin S c aDepartment of Theoretical Biology,
University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria bDepartment of Human …

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a multivariate classification technique frequently
applied to morphometric data in various biomedical disciplines. Canonical variate analysis …