Many of the scientific and societal challenges in understanding and preparing for global
environmental change rest upon our ability to understand and predict the water cycle …

Climate change is expected to increase regional and global air temperatures and
significantly alter precipitation regimes. These projected changes in meteorological …

In situ measurements of soil moisture are invaluable for calibrating and validating land
surface models and satellite-based soil moisture retrievals. In addition, long-term time series …

SURFEX is a new externalized land and ocean surface platform that describes the surface
fluxes and the evolution of four types of surfaces: nature, town, inland water and ocean. It is …

Results are presented from the multi‐institution partnership to develop a real‐time and
retrospective North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). NLDAS consists of …

The problems of identifying the most appropriate model structure for a given problem and
quantifying the uncertainty in model structure remain outstanding research challenges for …

The presence of ice in soil dramatically alters soil hydrologic and thermal properties. Despite
this important role, many recent studies show that explicitly including the hydrologic effects …

There are a growing number of large‐scale, complex hydrologic models that are capable of
simulating integrated surface and subsurface flow. Many are coupled to land‐surface energy …

Traditional land surface models (LSMs) used for numerical weather simulation, climate
projection, and as inputs to water management decision support systems, do not treat the …

The current distribution and future projections of permafrost are examined in a fully coupled
global climate model, the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3) with …