Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is characterized by the
accumulation of lipids in the liver (steatosis). In predisposed individuals, liver steatosis can …

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors whose activation affects
genes controlling vital processes. Among them, the peroxisome proliferator-activated …

Inflammation involving the innate and adaptive immune systems is a normal response to
infection. However, when allowed to continue unchecked, inflammation may result in …

Macrophages and microglia play crucial roles during central nervous system development,
homeostasis and acute events such as infection or injury. The diverse functions of tissue …

Context: The prevalence of both obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing at
alarming rates globally. Both predispose to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver …

Chronic inflammation is a key feature of insulin resistance and obesity. Toll‐Like Receptor 4
(TLR4), involved in modulating innate immunity, is an important mediator of insulin …

PPARγ has emerged as a master regulator of macrophage polarization and is the molecular
target of the thiazolidinedione drugs. Here we show that apigenin binds and activates …

BACKGROUND: Stressful challenges are associated with variations in immune parameters,
including increased innate immunity/inflammation. Among possible mechanisms through …

The immune system plays a pivotal role in initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.
Monocytes and T-lymphocytes are the first cells to enter the damaged endothelium …

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with increased vascular complications and is a pro-
inflammatory state. Recent findings have shown increased TLR2 and 4 expression …