The incretin hormones glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐
like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) have their main physiological role in augmenting insulin secretion …

Insulin and glucagon exert opposing effects on glucose metabolism and, consequently,
pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells are considered functional antagonists. The intra-islet …

Incretin hormones are gut peptides that are secreted after nutrient intake and stimulate
insulin secretion together with hyperglycaemia. GIP (glucose‐dependent insulinotropic …

Islets of Langerhans are islands of endocrine cells scattered throughout the pancreas. A
number of new studies have pointed to the potential for conversion of non-β islet cells in to …

The incretin effect, the amplification of insulin secretion occurring when glucose is taken in
orally as compared to infused intravenously, is one of the factors that help the body to …

Improvements in both liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS)
instrumentation have greatly enhanced proteomic and small molecule metabolomic analysis …

Glucagon is usually viewed as an important counterregulatory hormone in glucose
metabolism, with actions opposing those of insulin. Evidence exists that shows glucagon is …

Hyperinsulinemia is an adaptive mechanism that enables the maintenance of
normoglycemia in the presence of insulin resistance. We assessed whether glucagon is also …

Type 2 diabetes is a disease involving both inadequate insulin levels and increased
glucagon levels. While glucagon and insulin work together to achieve optimal plasma …

Aims/hypothesis Enteroendocrine K and L cells are pivotal in regulating appetite and
glucose homeostasis. Knowledge of their distribution in humans is sparse and it is unknown …