Recent phylogeographic studies have overturned three paradigms for the origins of marine
biodiversity.(i) Physical (allopatric) isolation is not the sole avenue for marine speciation …

About 3 million years ago (Ma), the I sthmus of P anama joined the A mericas, forming a land
bridge over which inhabitants of each A merica invaded the other—the G reat A merican B …

The freshwater and marine fish faunas of South America are the most diverse on Earth, with
current species richness estimates standing above 9100 species. In addition, over the last …

Large rivers create major gaps in reef distribution along tropical shelves. The Amazon River
represents 20% of the global riverine discharge to the ocean, generating up to a 1.3× 106 …

Global patterns of species richness and their structuring forces have fascinated biologists
since Darwin, and provide critical context for contemporary studies in ecology, evolution and …

Marine provinces, founded on contrasting floras or faunas, have been recognized for more
than 150 years but were not consistently defined by endemism until 1974. At that time …

Understanding how geography, oceanography, and climate have ultimately shaped marine
biodiversity requires aligning the distributions of genetic diversity across multiple taxa. Here …

Aim To present an updated database of fish species recorded on south‐western Atlantic reef
environments and to explore the ecological drivers of the structure, the latitudinal gradient of …

Global reductions in biodiversity and the accelerating loss and degradation of many of the
world's ecosystems have intensified research into the roles of species in ecosystem …

Studies on the distribution and evolution of organisms on oceanic islands have advanced
towards a dynamic perspective, where terrestrial endemicity results from island …