The clinical responses observed following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
(ICIs) support immunotherapy as a potential anticancer treatment. However, a large …

Neutrophils are the first responders to infection and inflammation and are thus a critical
component of innate immune defense. Understanding the behavior of neutrophils as they …

Stromal desmoplastic reaction in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) involves
significant accumulation of type I collagen (Col1). However, the precise molecular and …

Macrophages infiltrating tumour tissues or residing in the microenvironment of solid tumours
are known as tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). These specialized immune cells …

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that drives the
generation of myeloid cell subsets including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and …

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells playing several and diverse
functions in homeostatic and immune responses. The broad spectrum of macrophage …

A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune
system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An …

Amino acid metabolism is a critical regulator of the immune response, and its modulating
becomes a promising approach in various forms of immunotherapy. Insufficient …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as major regulators of immune
responses in cancer and other pathological conditions. In recent years, ample evidence …

PD-1, a T cell checkpoint receptor and target of cancer immunotherapy, is also expressed on
myeloid cells. The role of myeloid-specific versus T cell–specific PD-1 ablation on antitumor …