Amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs) represent a metastable amorphous state of other
calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) possessing variable compositional but …

We provide a critical review of the chemical composition and structure of synthetic and
biogenic (bone/dentin mineral) nanocrystalline hydroxy-carbonate apatite (HCA). Such …

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for living organisms and cannot be replaced or
substituted. In this paper, we present a simple yet efficient membrane free electrochemical …

Exposure of dentinal tubules (DTs) leads to the transmission of external stimuli within the
DTs, causing dental hypersensitivity (DH). To treat DH, various desensitizers have been …

Bone formation (osteogenesis) is a complex process in which cellular differentiation and the
generation of a mineralized organic matrix are synchronized to produce a hybrid …

Zebrafish embryos provide a unique opportunity to visualize complex biological processes,
yet conventional imaging modalities are unable to access intricate biomolecular information …

Spatiotemporal control over crystal nucleation and growth is of fundamental interest for
understanding how organisms assemble high-performance biominerals, and holds …

Crystallization via phase transformation of a metastable precursor is a ubiquitous and
effective strategy used by living systems to direct the growth of crystalline nanomaterials with …

Although musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoporosis are diagnosed and treatment
outcome is evaluated based mainly on routine clinical outcomes of bone mineral density …

Bone mineralization is a ubiquitous process among vertebrates that involves a dynamic
physical/chemical interplay between the organic and inorganic components of bone tissues …