Understanding the influence of solar variability on the Earth's climate requires knowledge of
solar variability, solar‐terrestrial interactions, and the mechanisms determining the response …

The last 6000years are of particular interest to the understanding of the Earth System
because the boundary conditions of the climate system did not change dramatically (in …

We studied publication bias in the social sciences by analyzing a known population of
conducted studies—221 in total—in which there is a full accounting of what is published and …

Global temperatures are known to have varied over the past 1500 years, but the spatial
patterns have remained poorly defined. We used a global climate proxy network to …

The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) was the most recent pre-industrial era warm interval
of European climate, yet its driving mechanisms remain uncertain. We present here a 947 …

IPCC Assessment Report 4 model projections suggest that the subtropical dry zones of the
world will both dry and expand poleward in the future due to greenhouse warming. The US …

A key feature of anticipated 21st century droughts in Southwest North America is the
concurrence of elevated temperatures and increased aridity. Instrumental records and …

A proxy system model may be defined as the complete set of forward and mechanistic
processes by which the response of a sensor to environmental forcing is recorded and …

We review the history of the South American summer monsoon (SASM) over the past~ 2000
yr based on high-resolution stable isotope proxies from speleothems, ice cores and lake …

Abstract The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a coupled ocean–atmosphere climate
phenomenon in the tropical Pacific Ocean. The interannual climate variations have been …