Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based methods have matured into a powerful nanoscopic
platform, enabling the characterization of a wide range of biological and synthetic …

Highlights•HS-AFM detects conformational changes of unlabeled membrane proteins.•In situ
responses to pH, ligands, temperature and light can be visualized.•Developments in …

Dehydration reactions proceed readily in water-filled biological cells. Development of
biocatalysts that mimic such compartmentalized reactions has been cumbersome due to the …

T-cells detect with their T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs) the presence of rare agonist
peptide/MHC complexes (pMHCs) on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). How …

IgG antibodies play a central role in protection against pathogens by their ability to alert and
activate the innate immune system. Here, we show that IgGs assemble into oligomers on …

Complement activation through antibody–antigen complexes is crucial in various
pathophysiological processes and utilized in immunotherapies to eliminate infectious …

Chiral properties of nanoscale materials are of importance as they dominate interactions
with proteins in physiological environments; however, they have rarely been investigated. In …

Dynamics are fundamental to the functions of biomolecules and can occur on a wide range
of time and length scales. Here we develop and apply high-speed AFM height spectroscopy …

Water at interfaces governs many processes on the molecular scale from electrochemical
and enzymatic reactions to protein folding. Here we focus on water transport through …

Proteins, nucleic acids and ions secreted from single cells are the key signalling factors that
determine the interaction of cells with their environment and the neighbouring cells. It is …