BACKGROUND Light trapped at the nanoscale, deep below the optical wavelength, exhibits
an increase in the associated electric field strength, which results in enhanced light-matter …

The photoexcitation life cycle from incident photon (and creation of photoexcited electron–
hole pair) to ultimate extraction of electrical current is a complex multiphysics process …

On-chip polarization-sensitive photodetectors offer unique opportunities for next-generation
ultra-compact polarimeters. So far, mainstream approaches have relied on the anisotropic …

Bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE), featuring polarization-dependent uniform photoresponse at
zero external bias, holds potential for exceeding the Shockley-Queisser limit in the efficiency …

Free-space circularly polarized light (CPL) detection, requiring polarizers and wave plates,
is well established, but such a spatial degree of freedom is unfortunately absent in …

High‐performance uncooled photodetectors operating in the long‐wavelength infrared and
terahertz regimes are highly demanded in the military and civilian fields …

Ferroelectricity, a spontaneous and reversible electric polarization, is found in certain
classes of van der Waals (vdW) materials. The discovery of ferroelectricity in twisted vdW …

Terahertz (THz) fields are widely used for sensing, communication and quality control. In
future applications, they could be efficiently confined, enhanced and manipulated well below …

The response of electron systems to electrodynamic fields that change rapidly in space is
endowed by unique features, including an exquisite spatial nonlocality. This can reveal …

Phonon polaritons provide useful opportunities, complementary to those provided by
plasmon polaritons, in the study of the interaction of light with matter at small scales. The …