Metabolism of cancer cells is geared toward biomass production and proliferation. Since the
metabolic resources within the local tissue are finite, this can lead to nutrient depletion and …

Mitochondria have cell-type specific phenotypes, perform dozens of interconnected
functions and undergo dynamic and often reversible physiological recalibrations. Given their …

Lactate, perhaps the best-known metabolic waste product, was first isolated from sour milk,
in which it is produced by lactobacilli. Whereas microbes also generate other fermentation …

Tissues derive ATP from two pathways—glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle
coupled to the electron transport chain. Most energy in mammals is produced via TCA …

Molecular oxygen (O2) sustains intracellular bioenergetics and is consumed by numerous
biochemical reactions, making it essential for most species on Earth. Accordingly, decreased …

The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, otherwise known as the Krebs cycle, is a central
metabolic pathway that performs the essential function of oxidizing nutrients to support …

The uptake and metabolism of nutrients support fundamental cellular process from
bioenergetics to biomass production and cell fate regulation. While many studies of cell …

Metabolic transformation is a hallmark of cancer and a critical target for cancer therapy.
Cancer metabolism and behaviour are regulated by cell-intrinsic factors as well as …

Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells play a key role in the elimination of intracellular infections and
malignant cells and can provide long-term protective immunity. In the response to infection …

Lactate has long been considered a cellular waste product. However, we found that as
extracellular lactate accumulates, it also enters the mitochondrial matrix and stimulates …