Objective To systematically review methods developed and employed to evaluate the
diagnostic accuracy of medical test when there is a missing or no gold standard. Study …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Transient elastography has been studied in a multitude of liver
diseases for the staging of liver fibrosis with variable results. A meta-analysis was performed …

Prediction models in health care use predictors to estimate for an individual the probability
that a condition or disease is already present (diagnostic model) or will occur in the future …

Praise for the First Edition"... the book is a valuable addition to the literature in the field,
serving as a much-needed guide for both clinicians and advanced students."—Zentralblatt …

For many supervised learning tasks it may be infeasible (or very expensive) to obtain
objective and reliable labels. Instead, we can collect subjective (possibly noisy) labels from …

Chemometric and statistical tools for data reduction and analysis abound, but the end
objective of most analytical undertakings is to make informed decisions based on the data …

The ground data used as a reference in the validation of land cover change products are
often not an ideal gold standard but degraded by error. The effects of ground reference data …

OBJECTIVE: In diagnostic accuracy studies, the reference standard may be imperfect or not
available in all patients. We systematically reviewed the proposed solutions for these …

The performance of a new diagnostic test is frequently evaluated by comparison to a perfect
reference test (ie a gold standard). In many instances, however, a reference test is less than …

We describe a probabilistic approach for supervised learning when we have multiple
experts/annotators providing (possibly noisy) labels but no absolute gold standard. The …