BACKGROUND The idea that memory is stored as enduring changes in the brain dates
back at least to the time of Plato and Aristotle (circa 350 BCE), but its scientific articulation …

One leading hypothesis suggests that memories are stored in ensembles of neurons (or
'engram cells') and that successful recall involves reactivation of these ensembles. A logical …

Tremendous strides have been made in our understanding of the neurobiological substrates
of memory–the so-called memory “engram”. Here, we integrate recent progress in the …

Classical Hebbian learning puts the emphasis on joint pre-and postsynaptic activity, but
neglects the potential role of neuromodulators. Since neuromodulators convey information …

While memories are often thought of as flashbacks to a previous experience, they do not
simply conserve veridical representations of the past but must continually integrate new …

Childhood trauma is a key modifiable risk factor for psychopathology. Despite significant
scientific advances, traumatised children still have poorer long‐term outcomes than …

Spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a bidirectional form of synaptic plasticity
discovered about 30 years ago and based on the relative timing of pre-and post-synaptic …

According to the encoding specificity hypothesis, memory is best recalled by retrieval cues
that overlap with training cues. Human studies generally support this hypothesis. However …

How memories are organized in the brain influences whether they are remembered
discretely versus linked with other experiences or whether generalized information is …

Reconstructing the viewed images from human brain activity bridges human and computer
vision through the Brain-Computer Interface. The inherent variability in brain function …