Although long-term memory consolidation is supported by sleep, it is unclear how it differs
from that during wakefulness. Our review, focusing on recent advances in the field, identifies …

Signs of mental ill health that cut across psychiatric diagnostic categories at high rates are
typically viewed as non-specific occurrences, downgraded in importance and disregarded …

Replay is the reactivation of one or more neural patterns that are similar to the activation
patterns experienced during past waking experiences. Replay was first observed in …

Replay in the brain has been viewed as rehearsal or, more recently, as sampling from a
transition model. Here, we propose a new hypothesis: that replay is able to implement a form …

Memory and planning rely on learning the structure of relationships among experiences.
Compact representations of these structures guide flexible behavior in humans and animals …

In human neuroscience, studies of cognition are rarely grounded in non-task-
evoked,'spontaneous' neural activity. Indeed, studies of spontaneous activity tend to focus …

In recent years, scientists have increasingly taken to investigate the predictive nature of
cognition. We argue that prediction relies on abstraction, and thus theories of predictive …

The ability to think creatively is paramount to facing new challenges, but how creativity
arises remains mysterious. Here, we show that the brain activity common to the twilight zone …

Research suggests that sleep deprivation both before and after encoding has a detrimental
effect on memory for newly learned material. However, there is as yet no quantitative …

Artificial neural networks are known to suffer from catastrophic forgetting: when learning
multiple tasks sequentially, they perform well on the most recent task at the expense of …