Olfaction is the most ancient sense and is needed for food‐seeking, danger protection,
mating and survival. It is often the first sensory modality to perceive changes in the external …

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and is
generally considered to be a non-traumatic, physically debilitating neurological disorder. In …

Background: Olfactory dysfunction is a well-known phenomenon in neurological diseases
with anosmia and hyposmia serving as clinical or preclinical indicators of Alzheimer's …

Background Extensive research has explored the role of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis
(MS). However, the impact of microbial communities in the oral cavity and respiratory tract on …

The present study shows that animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
(EAE) exhibit olfactory dysfunction and impaired general cognitive abilities, as well as …

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are two neurological
disorders that can pose enormous burden to a person's quality of life. Due to new …

CE INFORMATION ACTIVITY AVAILABLE ONLINE: To access the article and evaluation
online, go to https://www. highmarksce. com/mscare. TARGET AUDIENCE: The target …

Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an underestimated symptom in multiple sclerosis
(MS). Multiple factors may play a role in the OD reported by MS patients, such as ongoing …

Objectives Susac syndrome is a rare autoimmune endotheliopathy involving the brain,
retina, and inner ear. Olfactory dysfunction is a common early manifestation of several …

Aim The frequency of olfactory dysfunction in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has
revealed very different results in studies. Some studies have shown that olfactory …