Macular edema consists of intra-or subretinal fluid accumulation in the macular region. It
occurs during the course of numerous retinal disorders and can cause severe impairment of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common, with hypertension and diabetes mellitus acting as
major risk factors for its development. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death …

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is an unmet need for novel biomarkers
that reliably track kidney injury, demonstrate treatment-response, and predict outcomes …

Purpose: Previous studies on the association between choroidal thickness (CT) and severity
of diabetic retinopathy (DR) gave conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate …

Diabetic retinopathy is an increasingly prevalent disease, and a leading contributor to the
burden of all-cause blindness worldwide. In addition to retinal changes, choroidal …

Purpose To evaluate the relationship between diabetic eyes without diabetic retinopathy
and healthy eyes in subfoveal choroidal thickness. Design Systematic review and meta …

Mounting evidence supports a genetic-vascular-inflammatory etiology of schizophrenia. The
retina provides an indirect assessment of inflammation and degeneration in the brain. In …

BACKGROUND No study has investigated the change regularity between age and
subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). AIM To …

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of vision loss in diabetic
retinopathy, affecting 1 in 15 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The disruption of the inner …

Purpose To investigate the micro-vascular changes in choroidal structures in patients with
pre-and early-stage clinical diabetic retinopathy (DR) using wide-field Swept-Source Optical …