Understanding of secular evolution of the Earth system is based largely on the rock and
mineral archive preserved in the continental lithosphere. Based on the frequency and range …

Supercontinents signify self-organization in plate tectonics. Over the past~ 2 billion years,
three major supercontinents have been identified, with increasing age: Pangaea, Rodinia …

If we accept that a critical condition for plate tectonics is the creation and maintenance of a
global network of narrow boundaries separating multiple plates, then to argue for plate …

One of the most contentious areas of Earth Science today is when, or whether or not modern-
style plate tectonics was in operation in the Archean Eon. In this review we present evidence …

On the contemporary Earth, distinct plate tectonic settings are characterized by differences in
heat flow that are recorded in metamorphic rocks as differences in apparent thermal …

Oceanic lithosphere is generated at divergent plate boundaries and disappears at
convergent plate boundaries. Seafloor spreading and plate subduction together constitute …

Formation of continental crust has shaped the surface and interior of our planet and
generated the land and mineral resources on which we rely. However, how the early …

Granitoids of the tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) series dominate Earth's earliest
continental crust. The geochemical diversity of TTGs is ascribed to several possible …

The Earth is the only known planet where plate tectonics is active, and different studies have
concluded that plate tectonics commenced at times from the early Hadean to 700 Ma. Many …

Continental arcs are the sites of production of continental crust, but the origin of these
magmatic systems is not well understood. Although a number of processes have been …