Amphibians have undergone important evolutionary transitions in reproductive modes and
life-cycles. We compare large-scale macroevolutionary patterns in these transitions across …

Viviparity (live birth) represents a significant evolutionary innovation that has emerged in
hundreds of lineages of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. The evolution of this trait from …

The recently proposed concept of´ endangered living fossils'(ELFs) integrates high-
endangered status and evolutionary singularity for any species. In this review, I gathered …

Habitat is one of the most important factors sha** organismal morphology, but it may vary
across life history stages. Ontogenetic shifts in ecology may introduce antagonistic selection …

True toads of the genus Rhinella are among the most common and diverse group of
Neotropical anurans. These toads are widely distributed throughout South America …

Frogs and toads (Amphibia: Anura) display diverse ecologies and behaviours, which are
often correlated with visual capacity in other vertebrates. Additionally, anurans exhibit a …

Among vertebrates, nearly all oviparous animals are considered to have either obligate
aquatic or terrestrial oviposition, with eggs that are specialized for develo** in those …

The Neotropical region is known both for its megadiverse fauna and for the significant
deficiency of our knowledge on species limits. The Amazon and Atlantic Forest are the two …

The riverine barrier hypothesis (RBH) posits that rivers comprise geographical barriers to
gene flow for terrestrial organisms, thus promoting genetic differentiation between …

African pygmy toads of the genus Poyntonophrynus are some of the least known species of
African toads. The genus comprises ten recognized species endemic to sub-Saharan Africa …