Trace elements are actively cycled in seawater, are essential components for marine life,
and are transported to the seafloor where they can become enriched in marine sediments …

Two records of Earth history capture the evolution of life and its co-evolving ecosystems with
interpretable fidelity: the geobiological and geochemical traces preserved in rocks and the …

Existing redox classifications and the calibrations of elemental proxies to modern
environmental redox scales are in need of re-evaluation. Here, we review environmental …

Iron formations (IF) represent an iron-rich rock type that typifies many Archaean and
Proterozoic supracrustal successions and are chemical archives of Precambrian seawater …

The ancestors of cyanobacteria generated Earth's first biogenic molecular oxygen, but how
they dealt with oxidative stress remains unconstrained. Here we investigate when …

The chemistry of Fe and Mn in natural geochemical systems are closely coupled, as Fe and
Mn always co-exist in various forms (eg, hydrated ions, soluble complexes, and particles) in …

Reconstructing historical atmospheric oxygen (O2) levels at finer temporal resolution is a top
priority for exploring the evolution of life on Earth. This goal, however, is challenged by gaps …

Abstract The Proterozoic Eon spans Earth's middle age during which many important
transitions occurred. These transitions include the oxygenation of the atmosphere …

Life is based on energy gained by electron-transfer processes; these processes rely on
oxidoreductase enzymes, which often contain transition metals in their structures. The …

Simple Summary Currently, the development of “green” and “blue” biotechnologies, which
allow for ensuring the necessary level of economic growth without additional environmental …