The success of electric vehicles depends largely on energy storage systems. Lithium-ion
batteries have many important properties to meet a wide range of requirements, especially …

Lithium-ion batteries are fuelling the advancing renewable-energy based world. At the core
of transformational developments in battery design, modelling and management is data. In …

The lithium ion battery is widely used in electric vehicles (EV). The battery degradation is the
key scientific problem in battery research. The battery aging limits its energy storage and …

Impedance is closely related to the internal physical and chemical processes of lithium-ion
batteries. And the properties of the processes can be characterized and thus more detailed …

Hybrid supercapacitors with their improved performance in energy density without altering
their power density have been in trend since recent years. The hybrid supercapacitor …

Degradation of Lithium-ion batteries is a complex process that is caused by a variety of
mechanisms. For simplicity, ageing mechanisms are often grouped into three degradation …

Hybrid fuel cell battery electric vehicles require complex energy management systems
(EMS) in order to operate effectively. Poor EMS can result in a hybrid system that has low …

Automotive battery packs used for electromobility applications consist of a large number of
individual battery cells that are interconnected. Interconnection of the battery cells creates an …

Battery equivalent circuit models (ECMs) are widely employed in online battery
management applications. The model parameters are known to vary according to the …

Traction batteries constitute a core technology for electric vehicles. The cells used in such
batteries are usually connected in a series-parallel structure. Significant degradation in …