Data assimilation plays a dual role in advancing the “scientific” understanding and serving
as an “engineering tool” for the Earth system sciences. Land data assimilation (LDA) has …

Urban environments lie at the confluence of social, cultural, and economic activities and
have unique biophysical characteristics due to continued infrastructure development that …

Soils store more carbon than other terrestrial ecosystems,. How soil organic carbon (SOC)
forms and persists remains uncertain,, which makes it challenging to understand how it will …

Humanity has become a dominant force in sha** the face of Earth 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
An emerging question is how the overall material output of human activities compares to the …

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and their
redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate …

Atmospheric soot loadings from nuclear weapon detonation would cause disruptions to the
Earth's climate, limiting terrestrial and aquatic food production. Here, we use climate, crop …

Terrestrial ecosystems remove about 30 per cent of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by
human activities each year, yet the persistence of this carbon sink depends partly on how …

An overview of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) is provided,
including a discussion of the challenges encountered during its development and how they …

Groundwater-sustained baseflow is a vital source of river flow, especially during dry
seasons. The proportion of river flow sustained by baseflow—the baseflow index—is …

Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra
are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems …