Color vision impairment emerges at early stages of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and may
precede diabetic retinopathy or the appearance of vascular alterations in the retina. The aim …

Purpose.: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of obesity-induced
prediabetes/early diabetes on the retina to provide new evidence on the pathogenesis of …

Background: Abnormalities in rod and cone photoreceptor morphology have been reported
in normal aging retinas in the absence of known pathology and have been taken as an …

PURPOSE The validity of the Farnsworth-Munsell D-15 has been questioned because
practice may allow significantly color vision–deficient subjects to pass. In this article, we …

Background Styrene is a chemical used in the manufacture of plastic‐based products
worldwide. We systematically reviewed eligible studies of occupational styrene‐induced …

Background Luminance contrast sensitivity and colour vision are considered to have great
predictive value in the evaluation of type 2 diabetic retinopathy. However, these two visual …

Purpose.: To evaluate achromatic contrast sensitivity (CS) with magnocellular-(M) and
parvocellular-(P) probing stimuli in type 2 diabetics, with (DR) or without (NDR) …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among the American working
population. The purpose of this study is to establish a new diabetic animal model using a …

Alcohol consumption among young adults is widely accepted in modern society and may be
the starting point for abusive use of alcohol at later stages of life. Chronic alcohol exposure …

Early visual changes caused by diabetes include color vision losses and an abnormal full-
field electroretinogram. The purpose of this study was to evaluate color vision in type 2 …