Abstract Language behaviour is complex, but neuroscientific evidence disentangles it into
distinct components supported by dedicated brain areas or networks. In this Review, we …

Abstract Language is a defining characteristic of our species, but the function, or functions,
that it serves has been debated for centuries. Here we bring recent evidence from …

Prediction is often regarded as an integral aspect of incremental language comprehension,
but little is known about the cognitive architectures and mechanisms that support it. We …

Biological and artificial information processing systems form representations that they can
use to categorize, reason, plan, navigate, and make decisions. How can we measure the …

Abstract Representations from transformer-based unidirectional language models are
known to be effective at predicting brain responses to natural language. However, most …

Large language models are powerful systems that excel at many tasks, ranging from
translation to mathematical reasoning. Yet, at the same time, these models often show …

It has long been argued that only humans could produce and understand language. But
now, for the first time, artificial language models (LMs) achieve this feat. Here we survey the …

The idea that human cognition is, or can be understood as, a form of computation is a useful
conceptual tool for cognitive science. It was a foundational assumption during the birth of …

Word co‐occurrence patterns in language corpora contain a surprising amount of
conceptual knowledge. Large language models (LLMs), trained to predict words in context …

Models that predict brain responses to stimuli provide one measure of understanding of a
sensory system and have many potential applications in science and engineering. Deep …