MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded non-coding RNA sequences that
posttranscriptionally regulate up to 60% of protein encoding genes. Evidence is emerging …

The increasing spread of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria is one of the major threats
to public health worldwide. Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance and virulence genes …

Bacterial outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-mediated delivery of proteins to host cells is an
important mechanism of host-pathogen communication. Emerging evidence suggests that …

Among the main bacteria implicated in the pathology of periodontal disease,
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is well known for causing loss of periodontal …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be major regulators of eukaryotic gene
expression. However, bacterial RNAs comparable in size to eukaryotic miRNAs (18–22 …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are evolutionary well-conserved nano-sized membranous
vesicles that are secreted by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Recently, they have …

The origin of RNA interference (RNAi) is usually explained by a defense-based hypothesis,
in which RNAi evolved as a defense against transposable elements (TEs) and RNA viruses …

MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that act as major post-transcriptional
regulators of gene expression. They are currently recognized for their important role in the …

Background Bacterium-to-host signalling during infection is a complex process involving
proteins, lipids and other diffusible signals that manipulate host cell biology for pathogen …

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) play a vital role in the mechanism of
host―pathogen communication, while emerging evidence suggests that OMVs regulate …