Ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubl's) are conjugated to target proteins or lipids to regulate their
activity, stability, subcellular localization, or macromolecular interactions. Similar to ubiquitin …

The N‐end rule relates the regulation of the in vivo half‐life of a protein to the identity of its N‐
terminal residue. Degradation signals (degrons) that are targeted by the N‐end rule pathway …

Cambial development in the stems of perennial woody species is rigorously regulated by
phytohormones. Auxin and gibberellin (GA) play crucial roles in stimulating cambial activity …

One of the hallmark advances in our understanding of metalloprotein function is showcased
in our ability to design new, non-native, catalytically active protein scaffolds. This review …

Understanding the evolution of a protein, including both close and distant relationships,
often reveals insight into its structure and function. Fast and easy access to such up-to-date …

Eukaryotic proteins can be modified through attachment to various small molecules and
proteins. One such modification is conjugation to ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins …

Ubiquitination pathways have crucial roles in protein homeostasis, signalling and innate
immunity,–. In these pathways, an enzymatic cascade of E1, E2 and E3 proteins conjugates …

Type I Interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of> 500 genes, which are collectively called
ISGs (IFN-stimulated genes). One of the earliest ISGs induced by IFNs is ISG15 (Interferon …

Cyclic di-and linear oligo-nucleotide signals activate defenses against invasive nucleic
acids in animal immunity; however, their evolutionary antecedents are poorly understood …

Among the functions of intracellular proteolysis are the elimination of misfolded or otherwise
abnormal proteins; the maintenance of amino acid pools in cells affected by stresses, such …