Molluscs are extremely diverse invertebrate animals with a rich fossil record, highly
divergent life cycles, and considerable economical and ecological importance. Key …

Information on the ontogeny of the fish immune system is largely restricted to a few species
of teleosts (eg, rainbow trout, catfish, zebrafish, sea bass) and has previously focused on …

The lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) forms the progenitor cells that constitute the heart and
cardiovascular system, blood, kidneys, smooth muscle lineage and limb skeleton in the …

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are channels for nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins
and RNAs. However, it remains unclear whether composition, structure, and permeability of …

The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of powerful morphogens that are
critical for development of the nervous system. The effects of BMP signaling on neural stem …

The basic vertebrate body plan of the zebrafish embryo is established in the first 10 hours of
development. This period is characterized by the formation of the anterior-posterior and …

The zebrafish mutant violet beauregarde (vbg) can be identified at two days post-fertilization
by an abnormal circulation pattern in which most blood cells flow through a limited number …

TGF-β family ligands function in inducing and patterning many tissues of the early vertebrate
embryonic body plan. Nodal signaling is essential for the specification of mesendodermal …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling, particularly signalling from the bone
morphogenetic protein (BMP) members of this protein family, is crucial for the development …

Molecular studies have begun to unravel the sequential cell–cell signalling events that
establish the dorsal–ventral, or'back-to-belly', axis of vertebrate animals. In Xenopus and …