As fixed organisms, plants are especially affected by changes in their environment and have
consequently evolved extensive mechanisms for acclimation and adaptation. Initially …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for life and are involved in the regulation of
almost all biological processes. ROS production is critical for plant development, response …

Abiotic stresses, such as low or high temperature, deficient or excessive water, high salinity,
heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation, are hostile to plant growth and development, leading …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) originate as a natural byproduct in standard metabolism of
oxygen activities. The principal sites of ROS generation in the cell are apoplast …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are produced in all aerobic life forms
under both physiological and adverse conditions. Unregulated ROS/NO generation causes …

Contents Summary 1197 I. Introduction 1198 II. Measurement and imaging of H2O2 1198 III.
H2O2 and O2·− toxicity 1199 IV. Production of H2O2: enzymes and subcellular locations …

Highlights•NADPH oxidases are major enzymes synthesizing ROS in the apoplast.•NADPH
oxidases are information processing center for diverse signal inputs.•Stomatal movement …

In plans, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as a multifunctional signaling
molecule that modulates both stress and growth responses. Early studies on ROS in plants …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as important signaling compounds
of major importance in a number of developmental and physiological processes in plants …

Plant roots interact with an enormous diversity of commensal, mutualistic, and pathogenic
microbes, which poses a big challenge to roots to distinguish beneficial microbes from …