The electromechanical function of the heart involves complex, coordinated activity over time
and space. Life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias arise from asynchrony in these space–time …

Zebrafish are a relevant and useful vertebrate model species to study normal-and patho-
physiology, including that of the heart, due to conservation of protein-coding genes, organ …

Cation and anion channelrhodopsins (CCRs and ACRs, respectively) from phototactic algae
have become widely used as genetically encoded molecular tools to control cell membrane …

Abstract Aims Macrophages (MΦ), known for immunological roles, such as phagocytosis
and antigen presentation, have been found to electrotonically couple to cardiomyocytes …

Multiphoton lithography allows the high resolution, free-form 3D printing of structures such
as micro-optical elements and 3D scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. A major obstacle in its …

Optogenetics, involving the optical measurement and manipulation of cellular activity with
genetically encoded light-sensitive proteins (“reporters” and “actuators”), is a powerful …

Optogenetic approaches have evolved as potent means to investigate cardiac
electrophysiology, with research ranging from the study of arrhythmia mechanisms to effects …

Organotypic heart slices from mice might provide a promising in vitro model for cardiac
research because of the vast availability of genetically modified specimens, combined with …

Successful treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) is difficult to achieve because the arrhythmia
exhibits a high rate of recurrence. Intuitively, restoring sinus rhythm appears the best …

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