Epidemiological sex differences in anxiety disorders and major depression are well
characterized. Yet the circuits and mechanisms that contribute to these differences are …

Anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than in men. In women the menstrual cycle
introduces another variable; indeed, some conditions eg, premenstrual syndrome, are …

The prefrontal cortex, particularly its medial subregions (mPFC), mediates critical functions
such as executive control, behavioral inhibition, and memory formation, with relevance for …

The endocannabinoid signaling system (ECSS) regulates fear and anxiety. While ECSS
hypoactivity can contribute to symptoms of established post-traumatic stress disorder …

Cannabis is well established to impact affective states, emotion and perceptual processing,
primarily through its interactions with the endocannabinoid system. While cannabis use is …

Chronic pain is a major burden for the society and remains more prevalent and severe in
females. The presence of chronic pain is linked to persistent alterations in the peripheral and …

Pavlovian fear conditioning is a widely used behavioral paradigm for studying associative
learning in rodents. Despite early recognition that subjects may engage in a variety of both …

Abstract Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric condition arising
from traumatic experiences, marked by abnormal fear memories. Despite women are twice …

Research over the past few decades has established a role for the endocannabinoid system
in contributing to the neural and endocrine responses to stress exposure. The two …

Increasing evidence suggests that the neurobiological processes that govern learning and
memory can be different in males and females, but many of the specific mechanisms …