Background Needle‐related procedures are a common source of pain and distress for
children. Several psychological (cognitive‐behavioral) interventions to help manage or …

Background This is the second update of a Cochrane Review (Issue 4, 2006). Pain and
distress from needle‐related procedures are common during childhood and can be reduced …

OBJECTIVE: To develop comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for critically ill infants
and children, with specific attention to seven domains of care including pain …

Under the auspices of the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in
Clinical Trials (IMMPACT), 26 professionals from academia, governmental agencies, and …

Purpose Venipuncture generates anxiety and pain in children. The primary aim of the study
was to evaluate two non-pharmacological techniques, vibration combined with …

Peripheral intravascular cannula/catheter (PIVC) insertion is a common invasive procedure,
but PIVC failure before the end of therapy is unacceptably high. As PIVC failure disrupts …

The objective of this study was to test the efficacy and suitability of virtual reality (VR) as a
pain distraction for pediatric intravenous (IV) placement. Twenty children (12 boys, 8 girls) …

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that pain from venipuncture and intravenous
cannulation is an important source of pediatric pain and has a lasting impact. Ascending …

Millions of children undergo outpatient surgery in the United States each year; the
overwhelming majority will experience significant perioperative anxiety and pain. Behavioral …

BACKGROUND: Pain is under‐recognised and undertreated. Although standards now exist
for pain management, it is not known if this has improved care of hospitalized children …