The use of nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the detection and treatment of
cancer. Developments in protein engineering and materials science have led to the …

The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide
range of incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular …

RNA-based therapeutics have shown great promise in treating a broad spectrum of
diseases through various mechanisms including knockdown of pathological genes …

The successful clinical application of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric
antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapeutics has attracted extensive attention to …

Immunosuppressive cells residing in the tumor microenvironment, especially tumor
associated macrophages (TAMs), hinder the infiltration and activation of T cells, limiting the …

Nitric oxide and its production by iNOS is an established mechanism critical to tumor
promotion or suppression. Macrophages have important roles in immunity, development …

Synthetic mRNA represents an exciting cancer vaccine technology for the implementation of
effective cancer immunotherapy. However, inefficient in vivo mRNA delivery along with a …

Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (Nano-DDSs) have emerged as possible solution to
the obstacles of anticancer drug delivery. However, the clinical outcomes and translation are …

Gene therapy is an emerging and promising strategy in cancer therapy where small
interfering RNA (siRNA) system has been deployed for down-regulation of targeted gene …

Faced with the challenges posed by infectious diseases and cancer, nucleic acid vaccines
present excellent prospects in clinical applications. Compared with traditional vaccines …