Population aging is one of the most significant social changes of the twenty-first century. This
increase in longevity is associated with a higher prevalence of chronic diseases, further …

Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are a crucial pair of isoenzymes responsible for degrading
monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines. In addition to extensive studies of their …

Breast cancer has become a leading cause of death for women as the economy has grown
and the number of women in the labor force has increased. Several biomarkers with …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a new class of immunotherapy drugs, and are
used to relieve immune suppression or enhance the immune response through the …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), accounting for only a minor cell proportion (< 1%) within tumors,
have profound implications in tumor initiation, metastasis, recurrence, and treatment …

Background Breast tumor initiating cells (BTIC) are stem-like cells that initiate and sustain
tumor growth, and drive disease recurrence. Identifying therapies targeting BTIC has been …

Drug resistance in cancer is determined by genetic mutations and adaptations of tumor cells
to drug treatments, raising a challenge in the treatment of cancer. Factors such as prolonged …

Inhibition of mTOR is the standard of care for lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). However,
this therapy has variable tolerability and some patients show progressive decline of lung …

Breast cancer (BC) is a form of malignant tumors found in the breast tissues of women [1, 2],
and much less frequently in men [3, 4]. Breast cancer represents a significant global health …

Breast tumors were the first tumors of epithelial origin shown to follow the cancer stem cell
model. The model proposes that cancer stem cells are uniquely endowed with tumorigenic …