Both arthropods and large grazing herbivores are important components and drivers of
biodiversity in grassland ecosystems, but a synthesis of how arthropod diversity is affected …

Defense against herbivores often changes dramatically as plants develop. Hypotheses
based on allocation theory and herbivore selection patterns predict that defense should …

Climate warming is predicted to alter ecological boundaries in high‐latitude ecosystems
including the elevational or latitudinal extent of tall shrubs in Arctic and alpine tundra. Over …

Global environmental change, related to climate change and the deposition of airborne N‐
containing contaminants, has already resulted in shifts in plant community composition …

Abstract Recent Pan‐Arctic shrub expansion has been interpreted as a response to a
warmer climate. However, herbivores can also influence the abundance of shrubs in arctic …

The semi-domesticated nature of the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) makes it a distinct case
among the world's herbivores. Here, we review the literature on how reindeer shape …

Abundant large herbivores can strongly alter vegetation composition, shifting the ecosystem
into a lasting state of changed productivity. Previous studies of the effects of abundant …

Background The reindeer (or caribou, Rangifer tarandus L.) has a natural range extending
over much of Eurasia's and North America's arctic, alpine and boreal zones, yet its impact on …

Land use for animal production influences the earth system in a variety of ways, including
local‐scale modification to biodiversity, soils, and nutrient cycling; regional changes in …

In the forest‐tundra ecotone of the North Fennoscandian inland, summer and winter
temperatures have increased by two to three centigrades since 1965, which is expected to …