Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3′→ 5′) GMP (cyclic
di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial …

Since its initial discovery as an allosteric factor regulating cellulose biosynthesis in
Gluconacetobacter xylinus, the list of functional outputs regulated by c-di-GMP has grown …

The bacterial signaling molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) stimulates the synthesis of
bacterial cellulose, which is frequently found in biofilms. Bacterial cellulose is synthesized …

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, and certain organisms from bacteria to
plants and animals synthesize cellulose as an extracellular polymer for various biological …

For an organism to survive, it must be able to sense its environment and regulate
physiological processes accordingly. Understanding how bacteria integrate signals from …

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) synthetases and hydrolases (GGDEF, EAL, and HD-GYP
domains) can be readily identified in bacterial genome sequences by using standard …

The second messenger bis-(3′–5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP)
has emerged as a broadly conserved intracellular signaling molecule. This soluble molecule …

Cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a common, bacterial second
messenger that regulates diverse cellular processes in bacteria. Opposing activities of …

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly
amongst hospitalized individuals. The principle mechanism for pathogenesis in hospital …

Elevated levels of the second messenger cyclic dimeric GMP, c‐di‐GMP, promote transition
of bacteria from single motile cells to surface‐attached multicellular communities. Here we …