Wnt signaling plays a central regulatory role across a remarkably diverse range of functions
during embryonic development, including those involved in the formation of bone and …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules involved in the
regulation of gene expression. They are involved in the fine-tuning of fundamental biological …

Background Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is
of much significance for bone formation, the imbalance of it would result in osteoporosis and …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in many adult tissues and they have
been closely studied in recent years, especially in view of their potential use for treating …

As a remarkable strategic resource, rare earth elements (REEs) endow implantable bone
regeneration materials with excellent properties both in vitro and in vivo, including …

Skeletal aging results in apoptosis of osteocytes, cells embedded in bone that control the
generation/function of bone forming and resorbing cells. Aging also decreases connexin43 …

Bone formation and regeneration is a multistep complex process crucially determined by the
formation of blood vessels in the growth plate region. This is preceded by the expression of …

Tissue engineering is a promising alternative to autografts or allografts for the regeneration
of large bone defects. Cell-free biomaterials with different degrees of sophistication can be …

Osteolytic bone disease is the major complication associated with the progression of
multiple myeloma (MM). Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as mediators …

Inducing the osteogenic differentiation from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) might be a
potent strategy for treating bone loss and nonunion during fracture and improving fracture …