Biological differences between men and women contribute to many sex-specific illnesses
and disorders. Historically, it was argued that such differences were largely, if not …

Sex determination is the product of coordinated gene expression. Mutational analyses have
yielded great progress in our understanding of mammalian sex determination, and insight …

Sexually dimorphic traits are common among mammals and are specified during
development through the deployment of sex-specific genetic programs. Because little is …

Exogenous estradiol benzoate (EB) or estradiol-17β (E2) caused dose-dependent gonadal
feminization of slider turtle (Trachemys scripta) embryos incubated at a male-producing …

In many species of reptiles, sex is determined at fertilization by zygotic sex chromosome
composition. In other species, including all crocodilians, most turtles and some lizards, sex is …

Mammalian sex determination (male versus female) is largely controlled by genes, whereas
sex differentiation (development of reproductive structures) is largely controlled by …

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is mainly involved in the regression of Mullerian ducts in
male fetuses, but it may have other functions linked to gonadal development. The present …

Abstract Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) is a critical steroidogenic enzyme, essential for
producing glucocorticoids and sex hormones. This review discusses the complex activity of …

Increasing evidence indicates that organogenesis of the ovary is not a passive process
arising by default in the absence of the testis pathway. A coordinated interaction is actually …

Permanent sex differences in the brain are found in many vertebrates, and are thought to be
induced by sex differences in secretion of gonadal steroid hormones during critical periods …