Electrical energy storage technologies have become a critical aspect of the whole clean
energy system, which is fundamentally based on batteries. In the past decades, innovations …

Abstract Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite has played a crucial role in replacing
metals in numerous applications due to its superior properties and ease of manufacturing …

Lithium-ion batteries are fundamental to modern electric vehicles, offering high energy
density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rates. However, thermal runaway—a critical …

Silane coupling agents play an indispensable role in improving interfacial adhesion of
composite materials, but their interaction mechanism is often unclear. This article combines …

Recycling metal–polymer composites in electric vehicles (EVs) is a complex but crucial
aspect of achieving sustainability in the automotive industry. To enable effective recycling of …

Lightweight composite foams with high thermal conductivities are difficult to obtain owing to
the trade-off between thermal conductivity and porosity. In this study, to improve the …

This study proposes a simulation technique for investigating a battery thermal management
system based on direct refrigerant cooling (BTMS-DRC). The main focus is to investigate the …

This paper presents a probabilistic surrogate model for the accelerated design of electric
vehicle battery enclosures with a focus on crash performance. The study integrates high …

As the demand for electric vehicles increases, the stability of batteries has become one of
the most significant issues. The battery housing, which protects the battery from external …